Python libraries

The HTTP client that made Python's networking approachable — synchronous, readable, everywhere.

A deliberately small web framework — routing and request handling, and you choose everything else.

Async web framework that derives validation, serialisation and OpenAPI docs from your type hints.

The batteries-included framework — ORM, admin, auth, migrations and templates in one coherent package.

The dataframe library that made Python a serious tool for data analysis.

The n-dimensional array that nearly every scientific Python library is built on.

SciPy is an open-source Python library used for scientific and technical computing. It builds on NumPy arrays and provides a wide range of algorithms for optimization, integration, interpolation, eigenvalue problems, algebraic equations, differential equations, and signal processing.

The foundational Python plotting library — verbose, and capable of almost any figure.

Seaborn is a Python data visualization library based on Matplotlib that provides a high-level interface for drawing attractive and informative statistical graphics.

Classical machine learning with one consistent fit/predict interface across every algorithm.

Google's end-to-end machine learning platform, strongest at production deployment.

The deep learning framework that won research, and increasingly production too.

Keras is a high-level neural networks API, written in Python and capable of running on top of TensorFlow, Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit (CNTK), or Theano. It allows for easy and fast prototyping of deep learning models with minimal code.

OpenCV-Python is a Python wrapper for the OpenCV C++ library, providing tools for computer vision, image processing, and video analysis. It allows rapid prototyping and deployment of vision applications in Python.

Forgiving HTML parser for pulling data out of pages that were never meant to be parsed.

A full crawling framework — scheduling, concurrency, retries, pipelines and throttling included.

Python's definitive database toolkit — a query builder and an ORM, usable separately.

Validation and settings management driven by type hints — the boundary guard for Python data.

Distributed task queue for work that should not happen inside a web request.

Pillow is a modern fork of the Python Imaging Library (PIL) that adds support for opening, manipulating, and saving many different image file formats in Python.

PyPDF is a pure Python library for working with PDF documents. It allows you to read, write, merge, split, and manipulate PDF files programmatically.

tox is a Python tool for automated testing in multiple environments. It allows developers to run tests across different Python versions and dependency configurations, ensuring compatibility and reliability.

Click is a Python package for creating command-line interfaces (CLI) with composable commands, automatic help page generation, and support for environment variables and configuration files.

Command-line interfaces generated from type-hinted function signatures.

Terminal output that does not look like 1985 — tables, progress bars, syntax highlighting, markdown.

Dependency management, virtual environments and publishing behind one command.

Jupyter is an open-source project that provides interactive notebooks for creating and sharing documents that contain live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.

NetworkX is a Python library for the creation, manipulation, and study of complex networks of nodes and edges. It provides tools to analyze the structure and dynamics of graphs and networks.

aiohttp is an asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for Python, built on top of asyncio for high-performance networking.

A Requests-compatible HTTP client that also speaks async and HTTP/2.

Sanic is a Python 3.7+ web server and web framework that’s designed for fast HTTP responses using asynchronous capabilities powered by `asyncio`. It is ideal for building high-performance APIs and web applications.

Starlette is a lightweight ASGI framework/toolkit for building high-performance asynchronous web services in Python. It provides routing, middleware, sessions, background tasks, WebSockets, and testing utilities.

Dask is a flexible library for parallel computing in Python. It allows you to scale NumPy, Pandas, and Python functions to multi-core machines or distributed clusters for large-scale data processing.

Vaex is a high-performance Python library for out-of-core DataFrames, enabling visualization and exploration of datasets larger than memory. It allows fast filtering, grouping, aggregations, and statistical computations without loading the full dataset into RAM.

Statsmodels is a Python library that provides classes and functions for the estimation of many different statistical models, as well as for conducting statistical tests and statistical data exploration.

Openpyxl is a Python library to read, write, and modify Excel 2010 xlsx/xlsm/xltx/xltm files. It allows you to create spreadsheets, read data, and perform operations on Excel files programmatically.

xlrd and xlwt are Python libraries used for reading (xlrd) and writing (xlwt) Excel files in the old .xls format. They provide tools to extract, manipulate, and create Excel spreadsheets programmatically.

PyArrow is a cross-language development platform for in-memory data, primarily designed for columnar data processing. It provides a Python interface for the Apache Arrow columnar memory format and enables efficient data interchange and analytics.

Bokeh is an interactive visualization library for Python that targets modern web browsers for presentation. It allows the creation of interactive plots, dashboards, and data applications with high-performance interactivity over large datasets.

Plotly is a Python graphing library that makes interactive, publication-quality graphs online. It supports a wide variety of chart types, including line plots, scatter plots, bar charts, 3D plots, maps, and dashboards.

Altair is a declarative statistical visualization library for Python. It allows users to create interactive and concise charts based on the Vega and Vega-Lite visualization grammars.

plotnine is a Python data visualization library based on the Grammar of Graphics, similar to ggplot2 in R. It allows building complex plots by layering components such as data, aesthetics, and geometric objects.

XGBoost (Extreme Gradient Boosting) is a high-performance, scalable, and flexible library for gradient boosting. It is widely used for supervised learning tasks such as regression, classification, and ranking.

LightGBM is a fast, distributed, high-performance gradient boosting framework based on decision tree algorithms. It is designed for efficiency and scalability, supporting large datasets and GPU acceleration.

CatBoost is a high-performance gradient boosting library from Yandex that handles categorical features automatically and efficiently. It is designed for classification, regression, and ranking tasks with minimal preprocessing.

Transformers is a Python library developed by Hugging Face that provides state-of-the-art pre-trained models for Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks such as text classification, translation, summarization, question answering, and more.

OpenAI Gym is a toolkit for developing and comparing reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. It provides a wide variety of environments, from classic control problems and Atari games to robotics simulations, to test and benchmark RL agents.

FastAI is a high-level deep learning library built on top of PyTorch, designed to make training neural networks fast, accurate, and accessible. It provides abstractions and best practices for vision, text, tabular, and collaborative filtering tasks.

scikit-image is a Python library for image processing that provides a collection of algorithms for segmentation, geometric transformations, color space manipulation, filtering, morphology, feature detection, and more.

ImageIO is a Python library that provides an easy interface to read and write images in a wide range of formats, including PNG, JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and more. It also supports reading and writing video files and volumetric data.

dlib is a modern C++ toolkit with Python bindings for machine learning and computer vision tasks. It includes algorithms for image processing, object detection, facial landmark detection, and general-purpose machine learning.

Loguru is a Python library that simplifies logging by providing an easy-to-use, flexible, and powerful logging system. It reduces boilerplate code and adds features like sink management, message formatting, and exception catching.

Python Fire is a library for automatically generating command-line interfaces (CLIs) from any Python object, such as functions, classes, or dictionaries. It enables rapid CLI creation without boilerplate code.

Invoke is a Python task execution library that provides a clean, high-level API for defining and running shell-oriented tasks from Python scripts. It is designed to help automate repetitive workflows, build processes, and command-line operations.

PyInquirer is a Python library that enables the creation of beautiful, interactive command-line interfaces with prompts, lists, checkboxes, and other input types inspired by Inquirer.js.

Mechanize is a Python library for stateful programmatic web browsing. It allows you to automate interaction with websites, including filling forms, clicking links, and handling cookies and sessions, similar to a web browser.

Playwright-Python is a Python library for automating web browsers. It enables end-to-end testing, web scraping, and browser automation across Chromium, Firefox, and WebKit with a single API.

The original browser automation tool — drives a real browser through the WebDriver protocol.

Requests-HTML is a Python library that combines the simplicity of the Requests library with powerful HTML parsing, web scraping, and asynchronous capabilities. It allows developers to easily fetch, parse, and manipulate HTML content.

Tortoise-ORM is an easy-to-use, asyncio-supporting Object-Relational Mapper (ORM) for Python, designed to provide a simple, familiar interface similar to Django ORM but fully asynchronous.

Peewee is a small, expressive ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) library for Python. It provides a simple and lightweight way to interact with databases using Pythonic models and queries, supporting SQLite, MySQL, and PostgreSQL.

MongoEngine is an Object-Document Mapper (ODM) for Python that provides a high-level abstraction for working with MongoDB. It allows developers to define schemas and interact with MongoDB documents using Python classes instead of raw queries.

Paramiko is a Python library for SSH2 protocol, providing both client and server functionality. It allows you to securely connect to remote machines, execute commands, transfer files over SFTP, and manage SSH sessions programmatically.

Asyncio is Python's standard library for writing concurrent code using the async/await syntax. It provides an event loop, coroutines, tasks, and futures to facilitate asynchronous programming and I/O-bound operations.

Twisted is an event-driven networking engine written in Python. It provides a robust framework for building asynchronous networked applications, including servers, clients, and protocols for TCP, UDP, SSL/TLS, and more.

Pathlib is a Python standard library module that provides an object-oriented interface for working with filesystem paths. It simplifies file and directory manipulations across different operating systems.

Pendulum is a Python library for handling dates, times, and time zones. It provides a cleaner and more intuitive API than the standard `datetime` module, with precise parsing, formatting, and manipulation of date and time objects.

Arrow is a Python library that provides a sensible, human-friendly approach to creating, manipulating, formatting, and converting dates and times. It simplifies working with time zones and datetime arithmetic.

PyYAML is a Python library for parsing and writing YAML (YAML Ain’t Markup Language) files. It allows you to read YAML data into Python objects and serialize Python objects back into YAML format.

JSONSchema is a Python library for validating JSON data against a schema. It allows developers to ensure that JSON objects conform to a defined structure, including types, required properties, and value constraints.

SNScrape is a Python library for scraping social networking services such as Twitter, Facebook, Reddit, and more. It allows fetching posts, comments, tweets, user profiles, and other social data without using official APIs.

Social Post API is a Python library for interacting with various social media platforms to post updates, retrieve feeds, and manage user content programmatically. It provides a unified interface to handle multiple platforms like Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, and Instagram.

Tweepy is a Python library for accessing the Twitter API easily. It provides a convenient interface to retrieve tweets, post updates, manage followers, and interact with Twitter data programmatically.

python-twitter is a Python wrapper around the Twitter API, providing a simple interface to access Twitter data, post tweets, and manage accounts programmatically.

Instaloader is a Python library to download Instagram photos, videos, stories, IGTV, and profiles. It allows you to scrape Instagram content programmatically for personal or research purposes.

Instagrapi is a modern Python library for Instagram automation. It allows you to programmatically interact with Instagram, including posting photos and stories, managing followers, reading feeds, and downloading media.

The Facebook SDK for Python is a library that allows developers to interact with the Facebook Graph API. It provides tools for posting content, retrieving user data, managing pages, and working with Facebook Ads programmatically.

PyFacebook is a Python SDK for interacting with the Facebook Graph API. It allows developers to manage Facebook pages, post content, retrieve insights, and handle user and page data programmatically.

python-telegram-bot is a Python library that provides a pure Python interface for the Telegram Bot API. It allows developers to build bots to interact with Telegram users, send messages, handle commands, and integrate with other services.

Telethon is a Python library to interact with Telegram’s API as a user or bot. It allows you to send messages, manage groups, channels, and perform a wide range of Telegram actions programmatically.

Aiogram is a modern and fully asynchronous Python framework for building Telegram bots. It leverages Python’s asyncio capabilities to provide high-performance, scalable, and efficient bot development.

discord.py is a Python library for interacting with the Discord API. It allows developers to create bots that can interact with Discord servers, send and receive messages, manage roles, and respond to events programmatically.

Pycord is a Python library for building Discord bots, providing an easy-to-use interface for interacting with Discord’s API. It allows developers to handle events, send messages, create commands, manage servers, and automate workflows within Discord.

Hikari is a modern, fast, and type-safe Python library for building Discord bots. It is designed for high performance, asynchronous execution, and full support of Discord API features.